The Nucleus Reconsidered: Cycle Compatibility and the Architecture of Nuclear Matter through Augmented Newtonian Dynamics

D. James

Abstract: Standard nuclear theory explains binding through a residual strong interaction, typically represented by meson-exchange potentials. Although successful phenomenologically, this picture leaves several fundamental questions unresolved: Why do proton?proton and neutron?neutron pairs not bind? Why is proton?neutron coupling uniquely strong? Why does neutron excess grow systematically with increasing proton number? And why is the free neutron unstable while the bound neutron is not? Augmented Newtonian Dynamics (AND Theory) proposes that these features arise from internal stabilisation cycles within nucleons. The proton (quark composition u?u?d) and neutron (d?d?u) possess complementary internal structures that allow their cycles to interlock and close, suppressing short-range repulsion and producing strong binding. Proton?proton and neutron?neutron pairs suffer from cycle conflict, a form of short-range incompatibility that prevents binding. As proton number increases, potential conflict channels grow combinatorially, explaining the rising neutron requirement in heavier nuclei. A neutron in a P?N pair becomes cycle-stabilised; a free neutron does not, naturally accounting for ?-decay. This framework introduces a coherent physical mechanism for nuclear stability, reinterpreting binding not as force-exchange but as cycle compatibility. It provides an intuitive, structurally grounded explanation for trends in nuclear architecture and offers a potential alternative to traditional meson-exchange descriptions of nuclear interactions.

Keywords: nuclear structure, proton?neutron interaction, neutron role, strong force, Coulomb repulsion, quark cycles, stabilisation dynamics, Augmented Newtonian Dynamics, isotopes, nuclear binding

How to Cite?: D. James, "The Nucleus Reconsidered: Cycle Compatibility and the Architecture of Nuclear Matter through Augmented Newtonian Dynamics", Volume 14 Issue 11, November 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1382-1386, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251118162347, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251118162347