Radiographic Contrast Media: An Introduction, Effects on Intravascular Administration, Severity of Reactions and its Management

Damini Kashyap, Karan Gupta, Dr. Satyendra Narayan Singh

Abstract: Diagnostic imaging relies heavily on intravascular radiographic contrast agents, such as CT scans, ultrasounds, and MRIs, to enhance the visibility of internal organs and structures. helps distinguish tissues from their surroundings, revealing blood vessels, organ flow, and gastrointestinal, biliary, or urinary tract interiors. However, these agents can also have serious side effects, including minor, intermediate, and severe life - threatening reactions. The risk of adverse reactions is low, but there is a small probability of mild to fatal reactions with every administration. LOCM non - ionic have a lower osmolality than blood, reducing the occurrence of adverse reactions than HOCM. The severity of reactions varies from mild to severe. Contrast Induced Nephropathy (CIN) is a common side effect characterized by impairment or acute renal failure within 48 - 72 hours of administration. An individual's highest risk category for developing CIN is thought to be those with moderate - to - severe chronic renal disease. The Greenberger preparation is a premedication strategy for at - risk patients. Magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, such as gadolinium chelates, are commonly used to enhance contrast between normal and diseased tissues due to their paramagnetic effect. NSF is a rare and potentially severe systemic disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin, joints, eyes, connective tissues, and internal organs.

Keywords: Contrast Induced Nephropathy, Gadolinium, Chelates, Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis