The Impact of Iron Deficiency Anaemia on the Incidence and Severity of Febrile Convulsions in Paediatric Patients - Prospective Cohort Study

Dr. Nandi Konda Sravanthi, Dr. Arasar Seeralar

Abstract: Background: Febrile convulsions (FC) are common in children aged 6 months to 5 years and are often associated with fever. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a prevalent nutritional disorder in pediatric populations, potentially influencing neurological outcomes. This study investigates the impact of IDA on the incidence and severity of febrile convulsions in pediatric patients. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. A total of 200 children aged 6 months to 5 years presenting with febrile illness and diagnosed with febrile convulsions were enrolled. Participants were divided into two groups: 100 children with IDA and 100 children without IDA. Data collected included demographic details, clinical history, hemoglobin levels, and serum ferritin concentrations. The incidence and severity of febrile convulsions were analysed using chi - square tests and logistic regression. Results: The incidence of febrile convulsions was significantly higher in the IDA group (60%) compared to the non - IDA group (40%) (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified IDA as a significant predictor of febrile convulsions (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3 - 2.8, p < 0.05). The severity of febrile convulsions was greater in the IDA group, with 30% experiencing complex convulsions compared to 15% in the non - IDA group (p < 0.05). Hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were significantly lower in the IDA group. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anaemia is significantly associated with a higher incidence and increased severity of febrile convulsions in pediatric patients. Early diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency are crucial in mitigating the risk and severity of febrile convulsions. Public health initiatives should focus on preventing iron deficiency through nutritional interventions.

Keywords: Iron deficiency anaemia, Febrile convulsions, Paediatric, Hemoglobin, Serum ferritin, Neurological outcomes