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Study Papers | General Surgery | India | Volume 13 Issue 2, February 2024

Retrospective Study on Indication and Outcome of Emergency Exploratory Laparotomy in a Peripheral Medical College of West Bengal

Dr. Jyoti Mondal

Abstract: Background: Exploratory laparotomy is a surgical procedure performed in a patient who requires surgery when the actual cause and nature of the disease is not certain. Emergency exploratory laparotomy (EEL) is usually carried out as an emergency procedure in patients who are acutely ill and require urgent operation for control and stabilization of their condition. Objective: Aim of this study is to evaluate indications and post operative outcomes and complication in patients undergone EEL. Methodology: It is a retrospective 6 - month study from March to September of 2023, among general surgery patients undergone EEL. Patient's age, sex, diagnosis, intraoperative findings, operative procedure, and outcomes were extracted and analysed. Results: A total 716 surgical operations, 83 EEL were performed. (11.59% of total surgery) during this period.20 - 60 yrs. age being most common 67.46%, <20 yrs.14.45%. >60 yrs. = 36.14%. Ratio being <20: 20 - 60: >60= 1: 4.9: 2.4. Peak ages were 21 - 30 years and 31 - 40 years. M: F = 63: 20 (3.15: 1). Performative peritonitis being the most common cause (22.89%) 2nd most common BTA (20.48%) followed by large bowel malignancy (16.86%) Appendicular perforation (9.63%), Volvulus (8.93%), ileoileal intususception, trauma by sharp instrument, obstruction due to post operative ashesion, obstructed hernia, tichozebezoar etc. were other causes. A total of 10 patients undergone complication: 12.04%, Mortality rate 3.61%. All the mortality were subjected to late presentation, as they arrived after atleast 5 days of their acute symptoms. Each of them developed sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction before death. Conclusion: EEL is still very relevant in general surgery practice. It is commonly advocated in conditions when there is rapid deterioration of patient?s condition, or the patient cannot be stabilized for a possible diagnosis to be made. Perforative peritonitis being the most common cause. Post operative complications and mortality rate was 12.04% and 3.61% respectively.

Keywords: Laparotomy, indication, complication, mortality

Edition: Volume 13 Issue 2, February 2024,

Pages: 1799 - 1803