Downloads: 3 | Views: 65 | Weekly Hits: ⮙1 | Monthly Hits: ⮙3

Review Papers | Urology | India | Volume 13 Issue 12, December 2024 | Popularity: 5.1 / 10

Rate This Article!      

Kidney Stones: A Multifaceted Approach to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention in Modern Urology

Himank Varshney, Asheesh Kumar Gupta, Ekta Upadhyay

Abstract: Urolithiasis, or kidney stones, is a prevalent urological disorder affecting approximately 10% of the population. This review examines the types, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment modalities, prevention strategies, complications, and recent research pertaining to urolithiasis. The most common types of kidney stones include calcium oxalate, struvite, uric acid, cystine, and calcium phosphate stones. The pathophysiology involves the formation of crystals through nucleation, growth, and aggregation, influenced by various contributing factors such as dietary habits, climatic conditions, and fluid intake. Symptoms range from asymptomatic to acute renal colic, and diagnosis involves imaging techniques and risk assessment. Treatment modalities include ambulatory management, surgical interventions (e.g., extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, ureteroscopy), and medical therapy. Prevention strategies emphasize dietary modifications, adequate hydration, physical activity, and comprehensive lifestyle changes. Complications of urolithiasis can range from mild to severe, necessitating urgent decompression and management of surgical complications. Recent research highlights the significance of dietary influences on stone formation, nutritional assessments, and technological innovations in treatment, such as burst wave lithotripsy and retrograde intrarenal surgery with thulium fiber laser. A comprehensive understanding of the various aspects of urolithiasis is crucial for effective prevention, diagnosis, and management of this condition.

Keywords: Urolithiasis, Kidney stones, Calcium oxalate, Struvite, Uric acid, Cystine, Dietary interventions, Surgical innovations

Edition: Volume 13 Issue 12, December 2024

Pages: 1656 - 1661

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.21275/SR241225181624

Make Sure to Disable the Pop-Up Blocker of Web Browser

Click to Cite this Article

Similar Articles