Risk Factors for the Development of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Pljevljak Bulbul Amina

Abstract: Introduction: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a precursor to cervical cancer. Approximately 1.5 per 1, 000 women in developed countries are diagnosed with CIN 2/3 annually, with the highest incidence among women aged 25 to 29 years, at 8.1 per 1, 000 women. Goal of this research is to examine the presence of risk factors in patients with developed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Subjects and methods: She study included all female subjects treated at the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics of the KCUS. The study is based on the analysis of prospectively collected relevant data obtained from 100 HPV genotyped female patients. In the experimental part of the study, the subjects were divided into two groups of fifty subjects each as follows: Group I (n = 50): patients of reproductive age who were HPV genotyped. Group II (n = 50): patients of perimenopause and menopause who were HPV genotyped. Results: The largest number of respondents were born in the 1980s (n=9). The oldest respondent was 65 years old, while the youngest was 23 years old. The largest number of respondents started sexual relations at the age of 18 (n=18), then at the age of 20 (n=17). The largest number of respondents had two partners each, 25%, then one 20%, three 18%. A total of three respondents used contraceptive pills, of which two from group I and one from group II, and two used an intrauterine device as a form of contraception, i. e. spiral, one from each group. Of the 100 subjects included in this study, 13 were negative for human papillomavirus, and 87% were positive. The results of cervical biopsy in group I showed that the largest number of subjects, 38% (n=20), had a pathohistological diagnosis of CIN III, followed by 28% (n=14) of CIN II and 10% (n=5) of CIS. In group II, the largest number of subjects also had a pathohistological diagnosis of CIN III, 40% (n=20), CIN II 20% (n=10) and CIS 12% (n=6). Conclusion: We conclude that risk factors are extremely present in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and that it is necessary to implement a public health campaign to raise awareness about the presence and prevention of risk factors.

Keywords: risk factors, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia