Navigating Nanoparticles: Unwinding Plant - Particle Interaction Mechanisms and Signaling Dynamics within the Apoplast

Arpan Konar, Caprio Mistry

Abstract: Nanoparticles have recently garnered a lot of interest as a very flexible agent with several potential uses. Research into their relationships with plants has expanded in recent years, with a focus on their apoplast (the extracellular area surrounding plant cells) activities. If we want to know how plant - particle interactions could affect plant physiology and the environment, we need to know where nanoparticles go and how mobile they are in the apoplast. To monitor nanoparticle behaviors in the apoplast, high - resolution imaging methods are required. We explore the advantages and disadvantages of imaging modalities, shedding insight on the challenges encountered by scientists researching nanoparticle dynamics in this intricate extracellular area. Focusing on the activation of signaling pathways and stress responses in plants, this article analyses the biological processes triggered by nanoparticles in the apoplast. Our knowledge of the possible impacts on plant development, health, and growth has been expanded by these results.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, apoplast, plant - particle interaction