Remarkable Response of Autoimmune Basal Ganglia Encephalitis to Early Steroid and Immune Therapy: A Case Report

Kishan Patel, Meet Patel

Abstract: Basal ganglia encephalitis is a rare inflammatory condition affecting the basal ganglia. The etiology of basal ganglia encephalitis can vary and includes infectious, autoimmune, and paraneoplastic causes. It can affect individuals of all ages, with a higher incidence in children and young adults. The clinical presentation is diverse, with movement disorders, cognitive impairment, behavioral changes, seizures, and autonomic dysfunction may also be present. The diagnosis of basal ganglia encephalitis requires a combination of clinical assessment, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and specific laboratory tests. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause if identified, along with symptomatic management and immunotherapy for autoimmune cases. Prognosis can vary depending on the etiology, with infectious cases often responding well to appropriate antimicrobial therapy, while autoimmune and paraneoplastic cases may require long - term immunosuppression.

Keywords: Basal ganglia encephalitis, Parkinsonism, Autoimmune encephalitis, Caudate, Putamen