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Research Paper | General Surgery | India | Volume 12 Issue 5, May 2023 | Popularity: 5.3 / 10

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Evaluation of Pulse Oximetry as a Screening Tool for Lower Extremity Arterial Disease in Diabetic Foot

Dr. Shashank G., Dr. Narayana Bhat

Abstract: Background: A major cause of morbidity in patients with diabetes is foot pathology and it is a leading cause of hospitalization in such patients. With increased duration, severity of DM there is increased incidence of PVD, and higher rates of death, microvascular complications and major amputation. Therefore early and prompt identification of PVD in asymptomatic diabetics is important to prevent functional disability or limb loss due to complications and also to identify individuals with high risk of morbid micro and macrovascular complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, etc. Aims and objectives: 1. To assess the role of Pulse oximetry in detecting PeripheralVascular Disease in patients with diabetic foot. 2. To compare pulse oximetry with reference standard of Doppler study of the foot. Methodology: It is a hospital based cross sectional study of 70 patientsconducted in a tertiary care centre in Mangalore, Karnataka, from December 2020 to November 2022. Pulse oximetry values of both upper and lower limb digits were noted and compared to the reference standard of Duplex studies of the respective lower limbs. A diagnosis of PVD is based on monophasic and biphasic waveforms in any artery by Colour Doppler Ultrasonography, and a patient is considered positive for PVD even if any one leg has abnormal results. Results: Mean Pulse oximetry in right index finger was 98.40 ? 0.90, left index finger was 98.54 ? 0.95, right great toe was 96.80 ? 2.33 and left great toe was 97.34 ? 1.66. 65.7% patients had abnormal Doppler findings. Among the patients 58.6% had confirmed Peripheral Vascular Disease, which was significant. Therefore, in the study it was observed that patients with PVD had significantly lower pulse oximetry findings compared to patients without PVD. Conclusion: Pulse oximetry is good enough as a screening tool to detect PVD, however it has a lower accuracy when used alone. A combination of Pulse oximetry with ABI has good accuracy and can be a better screening test for asymptomatic PVD patients.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, lower extremity arterial disease, pulse oximetry, diabetic foot ulcer, ankle brachial pressure, Doppler ultrasonography, atherosclerosis

Edition: Volume 12 Issue 5, May 2023

Pages: 2200 - 2205

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.21275/SR23524202805

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