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Review Papers | Microbiology | India | Volume 11 Issue 12, December 2022
Detection of Food Borne Pathogens with the Help of Traditional and Modern Molecular Techniques
Anamika Tiwari
Abstract: Many food - borne microorganisms have become the major contamination sources in food and water and these pathogens gets involved and are affects the food safety and also causes different infections in humans which leads to the illness in human life among worldwide. As a result of consumption of foodstuff, mainly animal products which are the contaminated source with vegetative pathogens or their toxins are being involved un - naturally into the humans lifestyle nowadays. However most of these microbes have zoonotic importance and results in the significant impact on both public health and into the economic sectors. These tiny micro - organisms are being challenges in everyone?s lifestyles and are the causative agents of two - thirds of human food - borne diseases worldwide with high burden in developing countries. The animals either the aquatic or farm animals are the major reservoirs of many food - borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens also the somehow dairy products, raw meats and the products which directly comes from the farms have become the major prospect in the mode of transmission of disease and infections in humans. All these food borne pathogens remove here toxins inside the humans through environment and nutrient which is provided from us and these toxins gets involve inside of the human body and started to cause infections to the humans some of the major zoonotic bacteria causes the humans - infection which are characterized mainly by gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and other agent - specific symptoms. Some bacteria may cause severe complications. Conventional (culturing), serological, and molecular techniques are important for detection of these common zoonotic bacteria and their toxins in food. The various diagnostic and time consuming methods were performed previously which leads into the slow processing for the detection of toxins such as polymerase chain reaction technique is a traditional which was performed earlier by Kary Mullus in 1980 which was the great invention in Medical and Life Sciences field. However polymerase chain reaction is simple detection method of the bacterial toxins now - a - days and also become the slow process although in today?s technologies era Medical and Life sciences have developed different techniques for quick and better result in bacterial toxins in any source and this technique is the modern technique. In this review article the main prospective is to compare between the traditional and modern technique which have become the major role in laboratories. The field for the detection of bacterial toxins includes the diagnostic devices that are integrating molecular methods, biosensors, micro - fluidics, and nano - materials and also offers the new avenues for swift, low - cost detection of pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity. These analyses and screening of food items can be performed during all phases of production. This review article presents major developments achieved in recent years in point of need diagnostics in land - based sector and sheds light on current challenges in achieving wider acceptance of portable devices in the food industry. The particular emphasis which is placed on methods for testing nucleic acids, protocols for portable nucleic acid extraction and amplification, as well as on the means for low - cost detection and read - out signal amplification.
Keywords: Gastroenteritis, biosensors, micro - fluidic, pathogens, food
Edition: Volume 11 Issue 12, December 2022,
Pages: 325 - 331