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Case Studies | Medicine Science | Volume 15 Issue 4, April 2026 | Pages: 956 - 959 | India
Atypical Presentation of Neurobehcet's Disease: A Case Report
Abstract: Introduction: Behcet's disease (BD) is a complex multisystem autoimmune relapsing vasculitis with an enigmatic etiology, affecting both large and small vessels. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is infrequent and categorized into two principal subtypes: parenchymal and non-parenchymal. The peripheral nervous system is typically preserved, with involvement occurring in exceedingly rare instances. The onset of this condition commonly manifests in the second decade of life, with a higher prevalence observed in males compared to females. Case report: Herein, we present the clinical scenario of a female patient in her fifth decade of life who presented with symptoms of emesis, vertigo, and visual disturbances, alongside a history of fever and cough persisting for three days approximately fifteen days prior to her presentation, which appeared as the initial manifestation of Neuro-Behcet's Disease (NBD). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed hyperintensities on T2 FLAIR sequences within the bilateral posterior limb of the internal capsule, midbrain, and dorsal pons. The patient exhibited a favorable response to a regimen of antibiotics, antivirals, and corticosteroids. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges and the critical importance of considering Neuro-Behcet's in atypical presentations. Discussion: Behcet's syndrome (or disease) is a chronic multisystemic inflammatory disorder distinguished by systemic vasculitis accompanied by perivascular inflammatory infiltrates. This condition is characterized by recurrent and relapsing oral ulcers, genital ulcers, skin lesions, ocular manifestations (notably uveitis), and broader systemic implications, including arthritis and involvement of the gastrointestinal or central nervous systems (4, 5). Behcet's disease (BD) is particularly notable among systemic vasculitis due to its capacity to impact both arterial and venous circulation, as well as all sizes of blood vessels- large, medium, and small. HLA-B51 is regarded as a defining feature of Behcet's syndrome, despite the ambiguity surrounding its role in pathogenicity. HLA-B51 may play a significant role in the genetic clustering of Behcet's syndrome, particularly given the disease's prevalence in Eastern Asia and the Mediterranean regions, and could also influence the determination of clinical phenotypes within this heterogeneous condition (9, 10). Conclusion: This case report underscores the multifaceted challenges of managing Behcet's disease with neurological involvement. It emphasizes the importance of early recognition, the potential effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy, and the necessity of a coordinated multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient outcomes. Despite the complexities of neurological Behcet's disease, continued research and collaborative clinical practices hold promise for advancing treatment strategies and improving long-term prognosis.
Keywords: Neuro-Behcet's disease, multisystem vasculitis, central nervous system, HLA-B51, immunosuppressive therapy
How to Cite?: Dr. Meghana M. S., Dr. Anil Ramakrishna, Dr. Saquib Hussain, Dr. Ceema Sam, "Atypical Presentation of Neurobehcet's Disease: A Case Report", Volume 15 Issue 4, April 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 956-959, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=MR25622120725, DOI: https://dx.dx.doi.org/10.21275/MR25622120725