Observational Study on the Correlation Between Marshall CT Classification and Long-Term Functional Outcomes in Moderate to Severe Head Injury
Abstract: Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and death, with moderate to severe cases often causing long-term impairments. The Marshall CT classification, developed in 1991, grades TBI severity based on initial CT findings like midline shift and mass lesions. While useful for acute prognosis, its role in predicting long-term functional outcomes is unclear. Objective: This study aimed to assess the correlation between Marshall CT classification scores and long-term functional outcomes in moderate to severe TBI patients, using the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at one year post-injury, and to evaluate its predictive value for acute outcomes. Methods: Data from 1435 patients with moderate to severe TBI (2010?2024) in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database were analyzed. Marshall CT scores (Grades I?VI) were correlated with GOSE (global recovery) and FIM (motor/cognitive independence) scores at one year, and acute outcomes (mortality, neurosurgery). Multivariate regression adjusted for age, sex, and Glasgow Coma Scale. Results: Higher Marshall scores strongly predicted acute mortality (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.9?3.8, p
Keywords: Traumatic Brain Injury, Marshall CT Classification, Long-Term Functional Outcomes, Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended, Functional Independence Measure
How to Cite?: Dr. Ashish Narayan Telkapalliwar, Dr. Sheikh Khurshid Alam Ali, Dr. Niban G M, Dr. R R Ramkumar, "Observational Study on the Correlation Between Marshall CT Classification and Long-Term Functional Outcomes in Moderate to Severe Head Injury", Volume 14 Issue 5, May 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 66-70, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=MR25430224019, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/MR25430224019