Comparative Analysis of Political Systems: Assessing the Effectiveness, Stability and Strength of the Congress and BJP in India

Amit Kumar Yadav

Abstract: After World War II, the field of political science experienced a major shift, spearheaded by scholars like David Easton who introduced a systematic and empirical approach to political study. This approach, known as systems theory, was further developed by Gabriel Almond and Bingham Powell into the structural-functional approach, which focused on analysing the roles and functions of political institutions. Rajni Kothari applied these frameworks to Indian political science, offering in-depth analyses of the Indian National Congress and its strategies for maintaining political dominance. Recently, the rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party BJP under Narendra Modi has been examined through Kotharis lens, highlighting the BJPs broad social base, central leadership, and effective regional management. The BJPs success demonstrates a stronger, more stable system than the Congress, reflecting a significant evolution in India's political landscape. This abstract underscore the dynamic and evolving nature of political dominance in India, showcasing how contemporary forces build upon and surpass historical precedents.

Keywords: Political System, Consensus, Alliances, Hindutva, Clientelism, Adaptability, Electoral Hegemony, Resilience, BJP, Congress