Paediatric Giant Cell Glioblastoma: A Rare Case Study and Review of Treatment Strategies

Dr. Nallabothula Sai Kiran, Dr. Nadakuduru Gnana Harsha, Dr. M. Ramakrishna, Dr. Sudha Rani, Dr. K. Krishna, Dr. Uma Maheshwari Devi

Abstract: This paper presents a rare case of Giant Cell Glioblastoma GCG, a distinct variant of classical Glioblastoma Multiforme GBM, in a 15-year-old adolescent. GCG, characterized by a predominance of bizarre, multi-nucleated giant cells, represents 5 of all glioblastomas, with an even lower incidence in pediatric patients. Despite a generally poor prognosis, this variant is associated with longer survival in both adults and children. The patient, presenting with holocranial headaches, was diagnosed with a High Grade Glioma in the left fronto parietal region. Post-operative histopathological examination confirmed a high-grade GCG, WHO Grade IV. The patient underwent adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy with Temozolomide, showing no signs of recurrence or toxicities after 12 months. This case study emphasizes the importance of histopathological confirmation and the role of radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy for progression and recurrence-free survival in GCG.

Keywords: Giant Cell Glioblastoma (GCG), Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), Paediatric, Prognosis