Biotechnology

Jean Marius D'Alexandris

Abstract: Biotechnology is a relatively recent term since it appeared for the first time around 1960. It is composed of bios (life in Greek) and technology (entered in the French language in 1656, in the sense of study of tools, machines and raw materials). Although its etymology is fairly precise, its definition is a little more vague, sometimes even subjective (Bhojwani, 1990). The use of living organisms and their products for commercial purposes is a broad definition. The first manufacturers of wine and bread can therefore be considered before the letter. A narrower sense of the term biotechnology associates it with the achievements of the last sixty years including all in vitro culture techniques, as well as the different aspects of molecular genetics, such as gene cloning, sequencing and genetic engineering. Similarly, there are two possible definitions of the term - The first is a broad and traditional definition, according to which plant biotechnology is the human intervention on plant material using technological instruments to produce temporary effects. - Classical definition of plant biotechnology human intervention on plants using technological instruments to produce temporary reactions (see the authors).

Keywords: biotechnology,