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Comparative Studies | Dental Science | Iraq | Volume 6 Issue 2, February 2017
The Effect of Type of Feeding on Salivary Immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) and Total Protein in Relation to Caries Severity among Children Aged 4-5 Years Old
Shahba'a Munther
Abstract: Human milk is the best source for infant feeding and nutrition and has many short- and long-term medical advantages. Oral immunity as a part of body immunity may be affected by type of feeding. This study was conducted to determine the accumulative effects of type of feeding on concentration of salivary S-IgA, total salivary proteins and to determine the effect of type of feeding on caries severity. Seventy five children aged 4 and 5 years selected from children attending the Preventive clinic of Dental College in Baghdad University. They classified into three groups (breastfed group, bottle-fed group and mixed-fed group). The diagnosis of dental caries was done according to (d1-4 mfs) criteria for primary teeth. Stimulated saliva was collected from children under standardized conditions and chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of S-IgA by using ELISA kit and to determine concentration of salivary total proteins calorimetrically by using ready-made kits and spectrophotometer machine. Results showed that salivary S-IgA and Total proteins were normally distributed among those children according to Shapiro-Wilk test. Concentration of S-IgA was highest among breastfed children followed mixed-fed and finally by bottle-fed children (15.25mg/dl 0.63, 13.40mg/dl 0.38, 12.44mg/dl 0.32) respectively. Differences in concentrations were statistically highly significant according to analysis of variance. S-IgA was highly significant higher among breast and mixed fed children than that of bottle-fed children according to LSD test (p<0.01. ). Concentration of total salivary proteins was highest among breastfed followed bottle-fed and finally mixed-fed (77.75 mg/dl 20.98, 67.25 mg/dl 26.50, 63.65 mg/dl 17.29) respectively. Differences in these concentrations were statistically significant according to analysis of variance. Total proteins were significantly higher among breastfed than that of bottle-fed groups (p<0.05) according to LSD test. Fraction of caries severity (not normally distributed according to Shapiro-Wilk test) showed statistically no significant differences among the study groups according to Kruskal-Wallis test. Regarding effect of S-IgA on caries severity, statistically significant negative correlations were recorded between S-IgA and d1 (p<0.05) and highly significant negative correlations were recorded with ds, dmfs d2 and d3) (p<0.01). In conclusion breastfeeding enhance oral immune system by increasing concentration of salivary S-IgA and salivary total protiens. Salivary S-IgA protects teeth against initiation and progression of dental caries. Type of feeding may has no effect on caries severity due to multifactorial nature of caries.
Keywords: Type of feeding among preschool children, salivary S-IgA, salivary total proteins, caries severity
Edition: Volume 6 Issue 2, February 2017,
Pages: 182 - 185