Biological Basis of Cancer

Nysha Saroya

Abstract: Cancer is a multifaceted disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, genetic mutations, and the ability to evade immune surveillance, making its treatment increasingly challenging. Over the years, significant advances have improved therapeutic strategies to control disease progression and maintain patient well-being. This review examines the biological basis of tumor evolution and explores the principles of two major treatment modalities: chemotherapy and immunotherapy. It discusses how these therapies act against cancer cells, their classifications, clinical applications, and the advantages and limitations of each. The review presents a comparative analysis of chemotherapy and immunotherapy to highlight key differences in their characteristics, effectiveness, and challenges. In addition, the review explores emerging therapeutic approaches developed to bridge gaps between existing treatment modalities, providing more personalized and accurate cancer treatment for every patient. By synthesizing current knowledge from published literature, this paper provides an overview of the ongoing evolution of cancer treatment and emphasizes the importance of continued scientific research in advancing more effective, patient-specific therapeutic strategies.

Keywords: Cancer treatment, Tumour evolution, Immunotherapy, Chemotherapy, Immune evasion, Combination therapy, Personalised Cancer therapy

How to Cite?: Nysha Saroya, "Biological Basis of Cancer", Volume 15 Issue 8, August 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 2003-2009, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26827153326, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26827153326

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