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Review Paper | Pathology | Volume 15 Issue 8, August 2026 | Pages: 577 - 580 | India
Atherosclerosis: An Updated Review of Pathophysiology and Treatment Strategies
Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive vascular disease characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrous plaque formation within the arterial intima. It remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, contributing significantly to coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. The disease is initiated by hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, which trigger inflammatory responses and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Progressive plaque growth, vascular remodeling, calcification, and thrombosis ultimately impair blood flow and increase the risk of life-threatening cardiovascular events. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, highlighting the sequential stages of lesion development, genetic and environmental risk factors, and recent advances in disease mechanisms. It also discusses current preventive strategies, including lifestyle modification and risk-factor management, alongside established and emerging therapeutic approaches such as lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensive therapy, antithrombotic medications, and revascularization procedures. By integrating recent scientific and clinical evidence, this review provides an updated perspective on the mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on improving cardiovascular outcomes and identifying future directions for research and clinical practice.
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Hyperlipidemia, CVS diseases, Atheroma
How to Cite?: Tanuja Ashok Shete, Sandhya Vijay Patil, Dhanashri Yogesh Shelar, "Atherosclerosis: An Updated Review of Pathophysiology and Treatment Strategies", Volume 15 Issue 8, August 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 577-580, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26806121009, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26806121009