Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Land Surface Temperature Using Google Earth Engine (2002-2025): A Case Study of Amroha

Umesh Kumar, Mohammed Faiz

Abstract: Rapid urban and industrial growth in small towns of the Indo-Gangetic Plain has altered local thermal environments and vegetation cover. This study presents a Spatio-temporal analysis of Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) for Amroha town, Uttar Pradesh, India, using multi-temporal Landsat satellite imagery processed on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. LST, NDVI, and NDBI were derived for 2002, 2015 and 2025 using the mono-window / single-channel algorithm and standard spectral index formulations. Results indicate that mean LST rose from 32.8366 ° C to 37.3483 ° C while mean NDVI declined from 0.4530 to 0.3348 and mean NDBI increased from -0.0241 to 0.0076. Between 2002 and 2025, NDVI showed a declining trend of 0.1182 while NDBI showed an increasing trend of 0.0317, accompanied by an LST rise of 4.51 ° C. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation (r²= 0.871) between NDBI and LST, and a strong negative correlation (r²= -0.832) between NDVI and LST. The findings underscore the utility of GEE as an efficient, cloud-based platform for rapid, long-term thermal monitoring of small urban centres and provide a baseline for understanding vegetation-built-up-temperature dynamics in Amroha.

Keywords: Land Surface Temperature, Google Earth Engine, Amroha, Urban Heat Island, Landsat, Spatio-temporal Analysis, NDVI, NDBI

How to Cite?: Umesh Kumar, Mohammed Faiz, "Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Land Surface Temperature Using Google Earth Engine (2002-2025): A Case Study of Amroha", Volume 15 Issue 7, July 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 2396-2402, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26729204800, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26729204800

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