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Comparative Study | Health and Medical Sciences | Volume 15 Issue 7, July 2026 | Pages: 152 - 162 | India
Acne Vulgaris: Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Contemporary Treatment Approaches
Abstract: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit and represents one of the most prevalent dermatological conditions worldwide. Although commonly associated with adolescence, acne frequently persists into adulthood and may result in significant physical, psychological, and aesthetic sequelae. The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial and involves increased sebum production, abnormal follicular keratinization, colonization by Propionibacterium acnes, and complex inflammatory and immune-mediated mechanisms. This review presents a comprehensive overview of acne vulgaris with emphasis on its etiopathogenesis, clinical classification, and contemporary management strategies. The importance of clinical evaluation and severity grading in guiding treatment selection is highlighted. Current topical and systemic therapies, including retinoids, antimicrobial agents, hormonal therapy, and isotretinoin, are discussed with consideration of age, gender, and skin type. The role of procedural and aesthetic interventions as adjuncts to medical management is also explored, focusing on appropriate patient selection, timing, and safety. Special attention is given to acne management in pigmented skin types, particularly within the Indian population, where post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and scarring are common concerns. Preventive strategies, maintenance therapy, and patient education are emphasized as essential components of long-term disease control. A comprehensive and individualized approach integrating medical and aesthetic therapies is essential for achieving sustained clinical improvement and enhancing patient quality of life.
Keywords: Acne vulgaris, Pilosebaceous unit, Propionibacterium acnes, Acne management, Aesthetic treatment, Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
How to Cite?: Dr. Manali Padhye, Dr. Shreya Lokhande, "Acne Vulgaris: Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Contemporary Treatment Approaches", Volume 15 Issue 7, July 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 152-162, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26702100026, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26702100026