Downloads: 1
Review Paper | Medical Science | Volume 15 Issue 6, June 2026 | Pages: 65 - 80 | United Arab Emirates
Intelligent Medicine: How Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Are Reshaping Modern Healthcare
Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have moved from the periphery of healthcare research to the centre of clinical practice, drug development, and health-system operations. By the end of 2025 regulators had authorised well over a thousand AI-enabled medical devices; large language models had begun to absorb the documentation burden that drives clinician burnout; AI-designed molecules had entered human clinical trials; and the first randomised controlled trial of a generative-AI therapy chatbot had reported meaningful symptom reductions. Yet the same period produced sobering evidence that widely deployed models can fail silently, embed structural inequities, and resist external validation. This review synthesises the state of AI and ML across the principal clinical and operational domains- diagnostic imaging, decision support, generative and conversational AI, drug discovery, precision medicine and genomics, pathology, surgery, mental health, remote monitoring, and administrative workflow- and then examines the cross-cutting determinants of success: bias and equity, evidence and reporting standards, explainability, privacy, regulation, and economics. The central argument is that the binding constraint is no longer algorithmic capability but the surrounding system of validation, governance, and human?machine collaboration. AI in healthcare succeeds not when it is most autonomous, but when it is most accountable.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, foundation models, large language models, clinical decision support, medical imaging, drug discovery, algorithmic bias, reporting standards, health-AI regulation, precision medicine
How to Cite?: Rahul Chakraborty, "Intelligent Medicine: How Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Are Reshaping Modern Healthcare", Volume 15 Issue 6, June 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 65-80, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26602001634, DOI: https://dx.dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26602001634