Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies with First-Trimester Vaginal Bleeding: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Abstract: Background: The first-trimester of pregnancy spans ovulation, fertilization, implantation, and organogenesis. First-trimester vaginal bleeding is a common obstetric presentation associated with varying maternal and fetal outcomes. Objective: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes in viable pregnancies complicated by first-trimester vaginal bleeding. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study included 250 pregnant women with vaginal bleeding before 12 weeks of gestation at a tertiary care hospital. Participants were followed until delivery, and maternal neonatal outcomes were recorded. Results: Most participants were aged 18?25 years (50%) and multigravida (68%). Spotting was the most common bleeding pattern (65.2%), with presentation most frequently at 7?8 weeks (52%). Viable pregnancy continued in 76% of cases, while 19.2% ended in miscarriage and 4.8% were ectopic pregnancies. Severe bleeding and abdominal pain were associated with poorer pregnancy viability. Maternal complications included anemia, PROM/PPROM, hypertensive disorders, and placental complications. Fetal complications included low birth weight, preterm birth, NICU admission, and perinatal mortality. Conclusion: First-trimester vaginal bleeding is associated with increased maternal and fetal risks, particularly when bleeding is severe or accompanied by abdominal pain. Close monitoring and individualised antenatal management are recommended.
Keywords: First-trimester vaginal bleeding, threatened miscarriage, pregnancy viability, maternal outcome, perinatal outcome
How to Cite?: Dr. Trusha Parikh, Dr. Hina Oza, "Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies with First-Trimester Vaginal Bleeding: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study", Volume 15 Issue 5, May 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1252-1258, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26519181515, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26519181515