Math Mysteries: The Detective Work of Cryptography: A Literature Review on Mathematical Foundations and Forensic Applications

Ishita Swain

Abstract: This literature review examines the mathematical foundations of modern cryptography and their role in digital forensic investigations. The study focuses on four core techniques: modular arithmetic, prime factorization, the Euclidean algorithm, and RSA encryption. Sources were systematically selected from academic databases and educational platforms based on relevance and accessibility to an introductory audience. The analysis shows that these mathematical principles underpin both secure communication systems and challenges faced by investigators in accessing encrypted data. Case studies, including the FBI- Apple dispute, WannaCry ransomware, and blockchain forensics, demonstrate the dual role of cryptography in protecting users and enabling criminal concealment. The findings highlight the need for further research in post-quantum cryptography, legal frameworks for encrypted data access, and educational approaches that connect theory with real-world applications.

Keywords: Cryptography, RSA Encryption, Modular Arithmetic, Digital Forensics, Blockchain, Public-key cryptography, Euclidean algorithm, Ransomware analysis

How to Cite?: Ishita Swain, "Math Mysteries: The Detective Work of Cryptography: A Literature Review on Mathematical Foundations and Forensic Applications", Volume 15 Issue 4, April 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 749-753, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26409213717, DOI: https://dx.dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26409213717

Download Citation: APA | MLA | BibTeX | EndNote | RefMan