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Review Papers | Diabetology | Volume 15 Issue 3, March 2026 | Pages: 1446 - 1449 | India
Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Nephropathy: Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers
Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure worldwide. Persistent hyperglycaemia induces multiple metabolic and hemodynamic alterations that culminate in renal injury. Among these, oxidative stress plays a central role in the initiation and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to cellular damage, inflammation, and fibrosis within renal tissues. Several biochemical pathways, including the polyol pathway, advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation, protein kinase C activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, contribute to oxidative stress in diabetes. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) pathway is a key endogenous antioxidant defense mechanism that regulates cellular redox balance. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Biomarkers reflecting oxidative stress and renal injury may aid in early detection and monitoring. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy and discusses potential biomarkers and therapeutic implications.
Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, NRF2, KEAP1, Biomarkers
How to Cite?: Dr. Shalini V, "Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Nephropathy: Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers", Volume 15 Issue 3, March 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1446-1449, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26323203822, DOI: https://dx.dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26323203822