Graph-Theoretic Approaches Towards Computational, Communication, Biomedical, and Environmental Systems: A Comprehensive Review

S. Geetha, S. Manimekalai

Abstract: This review article provides an integrated approach of how graph theory serves as a unifying framework in solving complex problems in communication and computer networks. In Computer networks, the model which is based on graph focusses mainly on routing optimisation, assessment of the network reliability, enhancing cyber security and scalable architecture designing. Graph neural networks, link prediction and graph-based machine learning are the emerging techniques. In Communication networks, graph theory plays a major role in spectrum utilisation, mitigation of the interference, topological control of the wireless sensor, IoT and 5G / 6G systems. In next generation communication technologies, mobility modelling, allocation of resources, network slicing and multi-hop relay design demonstrates its critical role. Together, these perspectives illustrate how graph-theoretic methods bridge the domains of computing and communication, enabling adaptive, resilient, and high-performance network infrastructures. The review concludes with key challenges and outlines future research directions that leverage advanced graph analytics to support evolving network paradigms.

Keywords: Graph Theory, Computer Networks, Communication Networks, Network Optimization, Graph Neural Networks, Resource Allocation, Network Security, 5G/6G Systems, Internet of Things (IoT), Network Topology

How to Cite?: S. Geetha, S. Manimekalai, "Graph-Theoretic Approaches Towards Computational, Communication, Biomedical, and Environmental Systems: A Comprehensive Review", Volume 15 Issue 2, February 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 21-24, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26131103648, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26131103648