Ion Channel Dysfunction and Electrical Instability in Atrial Fibrillation
Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent sustained cardiac arrhythmia that considerably impacts the health of the world?s population. Atrial fibrillation is closely related to an elevated risk of stroke, heart failure, cognitive decline, and mortality. This disorder is frequent among the aging population, and it is still challenging to treat efficiently. This review discusses the role of cardiac ion channels and calcium release in AF initiation and maintenance. The normal electrocardiographic features of the heart are explained, including the action potential shape, pacemaker activity, refractoriness, and conduction properties. The role of various ionic channels in the pathophysiology of AF is described in detail. Particular attention is paid to the contribution of calcium mishandling, rotors, alternans, and wavefront breakup to AF sustaining. The basic principles of cardiac signal conduction are discussed, including such concepts as wavefront curvature, source-sink interactions, and anisotropic conduction. Finally, the available pharmacological and catheter treatments of AF are reviewed, and some new approaches to its prevention and personalized management are discussed. In particular, the concepts of substrate-trigger?modulator AF maintenance are linked to the mechanisms of drug action, and the role of cellular Ca2+ mishandling in AF is highlighted. New approaches to AF control include ion channel-specific pharmacological agents, genetic screening tests, and noninvasive detection methods such as smart-watch technology.
Keywords: Atrial fibrillation, Ion channel dysfunction, Cardiac electrophysiology, Electrical remodelling, Calcium handling; Atrial fibrosis, Catheter ablation
How to Cite?: Dr. Aadity Doshi, Shourya Shah, "Ion Channel Dysfunction and Electrical Instability in Atrial Fibrillation", Volume 15 Issue 10, October 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 330-337, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR261005111300, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR261005111300