A Study on Applications of Prime Numbers in Cryptography

Anjali K. M, Jitti Annie Abraham

Abstract: Prime numbers hold a fundamental position in the field of cryptography due to their distinct mathematical characteristics and their role in ensuring data security. This study examines the significance and various applications of prime numbers in modern cryptographic systems. Prime numbers are widely employed in public-key encryption, secure key exchange mechanisms, and digital signatures. Algorithms such as RSA, Diffie-Hellman, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography rely heavily on the properties of large prime numbers to establish secure communication channels and protect sensitive information. The difficulty associated with factoring large composite numbers into their prime factors forms the basis for the security of these cryptographic techniques. Additionally, the research explores the processes involved in generating large prime numbers and conducting primality tests, both of which are crucial for the robustness of encryption systems. With the emergence of quantum computing, the future of prime number-based cryptography is facing potential challenges, prompting the need for quantum-resistant solutions. This study emphasizes the continued importance of prime numbers in ensuring secure data transmission while highlighting the necessity for ongoing advancements in encryption methods.

Keywords: Prime Numbers, Cryptography, RSA, Public-Key Encryption, Digital Signatures, Key Exchange, Primality Testing, Quantum Computing

How to Cite?: Anjali K. M, Jitti Annie Abraham, "A Study on Applications of Prime Numbers in Cryptography", Volume 14 Issue 9, September 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1348-1351, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25926143403, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25926143403