Quantum Computing: Principles, Challenges, and Future Directions

Aayush Manish Chitnis

Abstract: Quantum computing isn't merely another step forward in technology; it represents a leap into an entirely new paradigm for understanding information. By harnessing the strange but powerful principles of quantum mechanics, quantum computers use qubits that can exist in multiple states at once, connect instantly through entanglement, and solve certain problems far faster than any classical machine. This paper explores the fundamentals of quantum computing, from its theoretical roots to the breakthroughs and setbacks shaping its present. We examine the engineering and scientific challenges - from fragile qubits to daunting scalability issues - and the immense promise they hold for fields like cryptography, artificial intelligence, drug discovery, and materials science. Finally, we consider the future impact of this technology, both its opportunities and its risks, and how it may redefine industries, research methods, and even our approach to solving humanity's hardest problems. The purpose of this paper is to examine the fundamental principles, developmental trajectory, current challenges, and prospective impacts of quantum computing across scientific, industrial, and societal domains. Given its potential to reshape computational capabilities and address complex global challenges, this study holds significance for researchers, policymakers, and industry leaders seeking to understand and navigate the transition toward quantum technologies.

Keywords: Quantum computing, superposition, entanglement, quantum algorithms, emerging technologies

How to Cite?: Aayush Manish Chitnis, "Quantum Computing: Principles, Challenges, and Future Directions", Volume 14 Issue 8, August 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 745-748, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25813200422, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25813200422