Hair as a Matrix in Forensic Toxicology: Advances and Limitations

Himali Upadhyay

Abstract: Hair analysis offers a non-invasive, long-term matrix for detecting drug use extending back months, with applications in forensic, clinical, and occupational contexts. This review examines drug incorporation mechanisms, the critical role of washing (decontamination) protocols, and interpretational challenges. Advances such as micro-segmental analysis and metabolite-based differentiation improve accuracy, but limitations persist, including external contamination, cosmetic treatments, physiological variability, and lack of harmonized protocols. The review also discusses forensic casework where hair evidence played a decisive role. Strategies for improving reliability are highlighted.

Keywords: Hair toxicology, forensic toxicology, drug incorporation, decontamination protocols, micro-segmental analysis, external contamination

How to Cite?: Himali Upadhyay, "Hair as a Matrix in Forensic Toxicology: Advances and Limitations", Volume 14 Issue 8, August 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 536-537, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25808190724, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25808190724