Estimation of Gingival Crevicular Fluid levels of Uric Acid and Xanthine Oxidase in Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Periodontitis: A Prospective Interventional Study

G Sumanth Babu, Lavanya R

Abstract: Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of the supporting structures of teeth. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in this process, with reactive oxygen species amplifying tissue damage. Uric acid and xanthine oxidase, important oxidative mediators, have established roles in systemic inflammation but remain under-investigated in periodontitis. Aim: To evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of uric acid and xanthine oxidase in patients with periodontitis before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Methods: Twenty adult periodontitis patients underwent comprehensive clinical assessment and GCF sampling at baseline and three months post-NSPT. Biomarker levels were quantified using ELISA. Clinical parameters assessed included Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Bleeding on Probing, Probing Pocket Depth, and Clinical Attachment Level. Results: Significant reductions in GCF uric acid and xanthine oxidase levels were observed following NSPT (p < 0.001). Concurrently, all clinical periodontal parameters showed marked improvement (p < 0.001). Regression analysis highlighted Probing Pocket Depth and Bleeding on Probing as key predictors of biomarker concentrations. Conclusion: Uric acid and xanthine oxidase are integral to periodontitis pathogenesis and serve as treatment responsive biomarkers. Their significant decline in post-therapy highlights their potential as clinical indicators for monitoring disease activity and guiding personalized periodontal management.

Keywords: Uric Acid, Xanthine Oxidase, Periodontitis, Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy, Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species

How to Cite?: G Sumanth Babu, Lavanya R, "Estimation of Gingival Crevicular Fluid levels of Uric Acid and Xanthine Oxidase in Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Periodontitis: A Prospective Interventional Study", Volume 14 Issue 7, July 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1386-1395, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25723094920, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25723094920