Toward Net-Zero Data Centers: A Framework for Energy Optimization and Offsetting Emissions

Ashik Mallikarjunappa, Hitesh Vora

Abstract: The explosive growth of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and high-performance computing (HPC) is driving soaring energy demands and heat generation in modern data centers. While much of this energy is traditionally lost as waste heat, emerging strategies are exploring how to repurpose this thermal byproduct to support sustainable applications, such as heating schools, swimming pools, and other public infrastructure. This paper presents a comprehensive review of energy consumption modeling, thermal management techniques, and innovative heat reuse initiatives within data centers.

Keywords: data centers, energy reuse, thermal management, artificial intelligence, sustainable computing