Emerging Technologies and Advanced Therapies in Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) Management: A 2024 Update

Goel A, Sarma G, Govekar V, Pandit S

Abstract: Objectives: To review innovations in the diagnostics and therapeutic management of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in 2024, emphasizing advanced technologies and their effects on patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted from 2018 to 2024 across PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Cochrane Library. A total of 68 peer-reviewed studies were analyzed, focusing on AI diagnostics, regenerative therapies, neuromodulation techniques, and minimally invasive procedures. Clinical efficacy metrics such as pain reduction and functional improvement were evaluated. Results: Recent advancements show that AI-enhanced MRI improves osteoarthritis detection by 92%. Wearable sensors enable real-time monitoring of jaw movements. Clinical findings indicate that PRP injections achieve a 68% greater pain reduction than traditional corticosteroids, while repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) provides 40-60% pain relief in refractory cases. Emerging technologies, including 4D-printed splints and CRISPR-based therapies, demonstrate promising preclinical results, supporting a multimodal approach that increases patient satisfaction by 3.1 times. Conclusions: The integration of advanced technologies in TMD management leads to superior outcomes and a significant boost in patient satisfaction. This represents a shift towards precision medicine in TMD care. Future research should focus on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to establish the long-term efficacy of these interventions and optimize treatment protocols.

Keywords: Temporomandibular disorders, artificial intelligence, regenerative medicine, neuromodulation