Sustaining Bamboo Livelihoods in Odisha: Challenges, Markets, and Policies

Madan Meher, Muralidhar Majhi

Abstract: This study investigates the economic sustainability of bamboo-based workers, focusing on the relationship between production costs, income levels, and market challenges across multiple regions of the state. Primary data were collected from 279 respondents across seven villages in different parts of Odisha. Advanced econometric techniques, including Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), and Quantile Regression, were employed to analyse cost-income relationships, competition intensity, and market access. Findings reveal that high production costs, transportation expenses, and market constraints significantly reduce daily earnings and production capacity. Additionally, increased digital market access and product diversification strategies contribute to income stability. The study highlights the need for targeted policies, including financial support, better infrastructure, and improved digital marketing access, to sustain bamboo livelihoods in Odisha.

Keywords: Bamboo-Dependent Livelihoods, Rural Livelihoods, Production Cost, Structural Equation Modelling, Betra Community, Odisha