Infrequent Anatomical Variants of the Thyroid Gland: A Detailed Case Report and Literature Synthesis

Maria Guadalupe Nieblas Serrano, Sarahi Carrillo Barraza, Axell Daniel Lugo Rodriguez, Jorge Luis Vargas Lugo, Lucero de Maria Moran Luna, Edgar Isidro Sanchez Sampedro

Abstract: The thyroid gland, a key endocrine structure, is typically located in the anterior neck, spanning the second to fourth tracheal rings. However, anatomical variations in its location, size, and morphology can occasionally occur, posing challenges in diagnosis and surgical management. These variations are particularly significant when associated with thyroid malignancies, as they can influence the extent of disease and surgical planning. This article explores unusual anatomical aspects of the thyroid gland through a review of the literature and a detailed analysis of a clinical case.

Keywords: thyroid gland, anatomical variations, papillary thyroid carcinoma, TIRADS 5, thyroidectomy, ectopic thyroid, infrahyoid infiltration