The Indian Ancient Medical System with Special Reference to Surgery

Dr. Anindita Chakravarty

Abstract: Ayurveda, the ancient medical tradition originating in the Indian subcontinent, offers a comprehensive approach to health that integrates preventive care, therapeutic techniques, and even surgical practices. This paper takes a deep dive into the historical journey, innovations, and ongoing significance of surgical practices in Ayurveda, with particular focus on the Sushruta Samhita. It is considered one of the important manuals of the ancient Indian medical system, presenting thorough knowledge of surgical tools and techniques from around the 7th Century BC, including the revolutionary method of rhinoplasty with the noble use of pedicle flap. The present study aimed to investigate the Byzantine advancement of surgical expertise within Ayurveda, throwing light on the precise educational and ethical standards embedded in traditional manuscripts for medical practitioners. This paper examines Sushruta?s comprehensive narratives of surgical techniques, instruments used, training programmes, and postoperative care, by drawing on both primary sources and modern intellectual explanations. While acknowledging the historical challenges in identifying direct impacts, it also explores the legacy and influence of Ayurvedic surgical techniques on contemporary medicine. The conversation emphasizes the value of respecting the distinct epistemological frameworks of Ayurveda and biomedicine, the limitations of ancient medical archives, and the need for evidence-based ancient comparisons. The paper concludes by highlighting the lasting significance of Sushruta's contributions to the history of surgery worldwide and the ongoing inspiration they provide for contemporary surgical innovation and education.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Indian medical practices, Sushruta Samhita, surgical techniques

How to Cite?: Dr. Anindita Chakravarty, "The Indian Ancient Medical System with Special Reference to Surgery", Volume 14 Issue 12, December 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 670-673, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251208213038, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251208213038