Comparative Evaluation of Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser and 50% Glycolic Acid Peel in Melasma: A Prospective Interventional Study

Dr. Isha Gupta, Dr. Vishal V. Wali, Dr. Kiran S. Malipatil, Dr. Shristi Reddy, Dr. Abhishek Patil

Abstract: Background: Melasma is a chronic, relapsing hyperpigmentation disorder that significantly affects quality of life, especially in individuals with intermediate-to-dark skin types. Procedures like glycolic acid peels and Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers are valuable treatment options, but comparative evidence in Indian patients remains limited. Aim: To compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with 50% glycolic acid peel in the treatment of melasma. Methods: In this prospective interventional study, 60 clinically diagnosed melasma patients were randomized into two groups of 30 each: one receiving 50% glycolic acid peels and the other Q-switched Nd:YAG laser therapy. Treatments were administered every 4 weeks for 5-6 sessions in the peel group and 4-5 sessions in the laser group. Standardized MASI scoring, dermoscopic evaluation, and photographic documentation were performed at baseline and at 4-week intervals up to 24 weeks. Results: Both modalities demonstrated statistically significant reductions in MASI scores over 24 weeks (p < 0.05). The glycolic peel group showed a more pronounced overall reduction, particularly in mixed and dermal melasma. The laser group exhibited superior outcomes in epidermal melasma. Side effects were mild and transient in both groups, including erythema, dryness, and transient hyperpigmentation. Conclusion: Both Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and 50% glycolic acid peel are safe and effective for melasma management. Glycolic acid peel demonstrated superior overall improvement, whereas Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was most effective for epidermal melasma. Treatment selection should be individualized based on melasma type and skin characteristics.

Keywords: Melasma, Glycolic acid peel, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, Hyperpigmentation, MASI score

How to Cite?: Dr. Isha Gupta, Dr. Vishal V. Wali, Dr. Kiran S. Malipatil, Dr. Shristi Reddy, Dr. Abhishek Patil, "Comparative Evaluation of Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser and 50% Glycolic Acid Peel in Melasma: A Prospective Interventional Study", Volume 14 Issue 11, November 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1734-1736, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251125222950, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251125222950