Building Our Second Home: A Human Blueprint for Life on Mars

Devansh Pande

Abstract: The exploration of Mars is one of mankind's most daring and far-reaching endeavours, a mission that both protects our existence as a species beyond the fragile limits of Earth and reshapes the prospects of science, technology, and human imagination. This extensive research paper, despite being qualitative, lays out an original and interdisciplinary prospectus for developing a civilisation on Mars. It is an agenda that in one part intersects SpaceX's bold vision of a million-person city by 2050 and in another part covers NASA's stable, science-grounded program of crewed exploratory missions to the Red Planet, which it has roughly plotted toward the vicinity of 2035-2040. It addresses the planet's significant environmental, technical and social challenges through forward-looking and innovative ideas that include bioengineered life systems, AI-empowered governance and modular architecture designed for changeability and resilience. More than just engineering and science, it promotes frameworks for governance, ethics, and economics that will enable humans to survive on an alien planet. Blending public and private efforts, this research provides a pragmatic and aspirational guide to humanity's trajectory toward becoming interplanetary.

Keywords: Mars Colonization, Sustainable Extraterrestrial Habitats, AI-Driven Governance, In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU), Multiplanetary Civilization

How to Cite?: Devansh Pande, "Building Our Second Home: A Human Blueprint for Life on Mars", Volume 14 Issue 11, November 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1111-1120, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251114125408, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251114125408