The Living Universe: Rethinking the CMBR and the Illusion of Cosmic Expansion through Augmented Newtonian Dynamics

Dilip D James

Abstract: Contemporary cosmology, under the Standard Model and led by the ?CDM (Lambda-Cold Dark Matter) framework, regards the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) as relic light-an afterglow from the early universe released when matter and radiation decoupled some 380,000 years after the Big Bang. Within this view, photons are treated as excitations of the electromagnetic field, their wavelengths stretched to the microwave range by the continued expansion of space. Augmented Newtonian Dynamics (AND) challenges this interpretation at its foundation. In this theory, photons are not oscillations of an abstract field but discrete quanta born within electrons, each emission governed by the electron?s intrinsic self-regulation through cycles of absorption and re-emission. When resonant radiation encounters an electron, it is absorbed, reflected from the nucleus under the specular condition ?_i=?_r, and re-emitted at the same frequency and along the reflected path. The rate of these cycles defines the frequency of the radiation itself. Propagation occurs through a universal photon medium-identified with dark matter-providing a physical substrate for all radiation. If light traverses such a medium, the CMBR cannot be an ancient relic but must represent the steady-state radiation of the present photon aether. This reinterpretation removes the need for cosmic expansion and dark energy, restoring causality, coherence, and physical realism to cosmology.

Keywords: CMBR, ?CDM, AND Theory, Inflationary theory, Cosmic Expansion, photons, electron, photon propagation, density of the vacuum, Standard Model, gravity

How to Cite?: Dilip D James, "The Living Universe: Rethinking the CMBR and the Illusion of Cosmic Expansion through Augmented Newtonian Dynamics", Volume 14 Issue 10, October 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 497-501, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251009124711, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251009124711