Evolution and Foundations of Quantum Mechanics: A Narrative Review of Milestones and Concepts

Dharmanath Goit

Abstract: This narrative review traces the conceptual and experimental evolution of quantum mechanics, beginning from the inadequacies of classical physics to explain phenomena like blackbody radiation and the photoelectric effect. It highlights pivotal developments, including Planck?s quantum hypothesis, Einstein?s photon theory, Bohr?s atomic model, and the establishment of wave-particle duality through de Broglie and Schr?dinger?s work. The review also delves into the philosophical implications of quantum theory, including the observer effect, uncertainty principle, and quantum entanglement. Through a cohesive historical lens, the article articulates the transformative journey of quantum mechanics into a fundamental pillar of modern physics.

Keywords: quantum mechanics, wave-particle duality, Schr?dinger equation, uncertainty principle, quantum entanglement

How to Cite?: Dharmanath Goit, "Evolution and Foundations of Quantum Mechanics: A Narrative Review of Milestones and Concepts", Volume 14 Issue 10, October 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 491-496, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251008203706, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251008203706