Mechanisms of Prolactin Function and Related Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

Yuen Lam Li

Abstract: Prolactin (PRL) is an essential peptide hormone primarily involved in lactation. This paper explores the molecular characteristics of prolactin, genetic mutations in prolactin receptors, and their implications in hyperprolactinemia and related disorders. Key challenges in prolactin measurement, such as the high-dose hook effect and macroprolactinemia, are discussed. Additionally, current dopamine agonist treatments and novel antibody-based therapies are reviewed. The need for improved diagnostic accuracy and future therapeutic advancements in prolactin-related disorders is emphasized.

Keywords: prolactin, prolactin receptor, growth hormone, pituitary gland, immunoassay