Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Single Centre Experience

Nikita Yadav, Shweta Sharma, Rachna Narain, Priya Marwah

Abstract: Purpose: Auto immune hemolyticanemia (AIHA) post allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a rare and still poorly understood complication. Detailed work on this complication are needed due to lack of prospective trials. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 7 patients with AIHA after HSCT in a tertiary care Medical College Hospital from 2012 - 2023. Results: The overall incidence of AIHA after allogeneic HSCT was 3.93%. All transplants were performed for non - malignant condition.57.1 % of the patients who developed post transplant AIHA did not have any ABO Incompatibility.42.8% patients who developed post transplant AIHA had concurrent GVHD. All patients responded well to oral corticosteroids. Conclusion: Though a rare complication, post transplant AIHA is seen more commonly in patients undergoing HSCT for non - malignant conditions. Multi centric trials are the need of the day to understand this rare yet morbid post transplant complication.

Keywords: Autoimmune hemolyticanemia, allogeneic HSCT, ABO incompatibilty, Graft versus Host Disease