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Research Paper | Chemical and Process Engineering | Volume 11 Issue 8, August 2022 | Pages: 1591 - 1595 | India
Recent Advances in Saline Water Treatment Technologies: A Review of Desalination Methods, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Abstract: Freshwater scarcity has become a critical global issue due to population growth, industrialization, climate change, and the depletion of natural freshwater resources. Saline water, including seawater and brackish water, represents a promising alternative source for freshwater production. However, high salt concentrations and dissolved impurities limit its direct use for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. Desalination technologies have emerged as effective methods for converting saline water into usable freshwater. This review critically examines major saline water treatment technologies, including thermal desalination methods such as multi-stage flash distillation, multi-effect distillation, and vapor compression, along with membrane-based technologies including reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, electrodialysis, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation. The advantages, limitations, and performance characteristics of these technologies are discussed with emphasis on energy consumption, membrane fouling, and operational cost. Recent developments in membrane materials, nanotechnology, renewable energy integration, and hybrid desalination systems are also explored. Furthermore, current challenges, research gaps, and future opportunities for sustainable desalination are highlighted. The study concludes that membrane-based desalination, especially reverse osmosis integrated with renewable energy systems, offers considerable potential for addressing future freshwater demands.
Keywords: Saline water treatment, desalination, reverse osmosis, membrane technology, renewable energy, brine management, nanofiltration
How to Cite?: Arun Kumar Gupta, "Recent Advances in Saline Water Treatment Technologies: A Review of Desalination Methods, Challenges, and Future Perspectives", Volume 11 Issue 8, August 2022, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1591-1595, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR22817093018, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR22817093018