Ion Concentration Polarization (ICP): From Ion Exchange Membranes to Micro/Nanofluidic Interconnect Devices - A Complete Review

D. Manikandan, Vishal V. R. Nandigana

Abstract: In this review paper, we provide a detailed literature review on ion concentration polarization (ICP) phenomenon in ion exchange membranes (IEM) and in micro/ nanofluidic interconnect membranes. The ICP phenomenon has been studied for the last three decades and its orgin is yet to be clearly understood by the researchers. The review focuses on various mechanisms for ICP and overlimiting current phenomenon along with many applications utilizing the phenomenon of ICP.

Keywords: Ion concentration polarization, Ion Exchange membranes, IEM, membrane technology, micro nanofluidics, micro nanofluidics applications, new industrial applications