Periodontal Health Decline in Diabetic Patients: Clinical Reports, Cytokine Analysis, and Antidiabetic Therapies

Sabri Fatih Kursunlu

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus induces chronic hyperglycemia and systemic inflammation, leading to periodontal deterioration characterized by gingival inflammation, bone loss, and deep periodontal pockets. This review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms linking diabetes and periodontal disease, focusing on inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and their role in disease progression. Five clinical case reports illustrate how different antidiabetic medications metformin, insulin, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors affect periodontal healing. Special attention is given to Rybelsus, a novel oral GLP-1 receptor agonist, in comparison with other treatments. Findings highlight the necessity of multidisciplinary treatment strategies and strict glycemic control for improving periodontal health in diabetic patients.

Keywords: Diabetes, Periodontal Health, Inflammation, Cytokines, Rybelsus, Antidiabetic Therapy

How to Cite?: Sabri Fatih Kursunlu, "Periodontal Health Decline in Diabetic Patients: Clinical Reports, Cytokine Analysis, and Antidiabetic Therapies", Volume 14 Issue 3, March 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 263-265, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=MR25305205201, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/MR25305205201