Literature Review of Studies on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)

Ledina Nikolla

Abstract: This comprehensive review explores Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis AIS, a condition prevalent in 2-4 of adolescents aged 10-18, characterized by an abnormal spinal curvature. It delves into the pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment options of AIS, highlighting genetic influences, sex hormone roles, and bone density factors. The review discusses the relative anterior spinal overgrowth concept, supported by anatomical and MRI studies. It also covers the physical manifestations of AIS, such as uneven shoulders and waistlines, and the right-sided spine curvature bias. Treatment perspectives include the effectiveness of consistent brace wearing and surgical interventions like spinal fusion and vertebral body tethering. Additionally, the review examines conservative treatments like the Schroth Method and core stabilization exercises, their impact on spinal curvature and quality of life, and the role of manual therapies. It concludes with an analysis of curve progression predictors, emphasizing the importance of Cobb angle, curve flexibility, and other morphological factors in AIS management.

Keywords: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Pathogenesis, Conservative Treatment, Spinal Curvature, Curve Progression