Types of Seismic Energy Sources for Petroleum Exploration in Desert, Dry-Land, Swamp and Marine Environments in Nigeria and Other Sub-Saharan Africa

Madu Anthony Joseph Chinenyeze

Abstract: The various seismic energy sources used for petroleum exploration in Nigeria (Niger Delta, Benue Trough, Chad Basin) and sub-Saharan Africa (Niger Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia inclusive) have been undergoing improvement over the years. Explosive source usually Dynamite, Airgun, Thumper/Weight Drop, and Vibrators are remarkable seismic energy sources today with frequencies for primary seismic production, bandwidth 10Hz

Keywords: Vibrator, seismic energy source, sweep, spectral analysis, signal frequencies