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Dissertation Chapters | Medicine | India | Volume 12 Issue 2, February 2023

Clinical and Etiological Profile of Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Positive Patients

Kute Bramhadev Shivaji ^[2] | Patil Priya Venkatesh

Abstract: Aim: To study various clinical manifestations and etiological factors of chronic kidney disease in HIV positive patients. Introduction: HIV infection affects multiple organs and kidney is a common target. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent complication of HIV infection, occurring in 3.5-48.5%, and occurs as a complication of HIV infection, other co-morbid disease and infections and as a consequence of therapy of HIV infection and its complications. Materials and Methods: Single centric, observational, cross sectional, descriptive study conducted in Department of medicine of a tertiary care hospital in period of 12 months. Total 55 patients admitted in medicine wards, OPD patients, SACEP referred cases were included in study. Patients with HIV positive and has CKD, Serum creatinine >1.5mg/dl for 3 months, Patient with proteinuria > 500 mg /24 hrs and AKI (Acute Kidney Injury) on CKD were included and HIV positive with AKI due to any cause were excluded. Results: The most common etiology for CKD was Tenofovir induced irreversible nephropathy in 22 patients (40 %) followed by Diabetic Nephropathy in 8 patients (14.55 %) and Hypertensive nephropathy in 4 patients (7.27 %). Other etiologies noted were Chronic pyelonephritis in 4 patients (7.27 %), Obstructive uropathy seen in 4 patients (7.27 %) and FSGS in 3 patients (3.64 %). ADPKD etiology was noted in 2 patients (3.64 %), Analgesic nephropathy in 1 patient (1.82 %), Nephrocalcinosis in 1 patient (1.82 %) and Tubulointerstitial nephritis noted in 1 patient (1.82 %), no specific etiology was found in 6 patients (10.91 %). The most common symptom was fever with nausea & vomiting (20%) &sign was Edema (facial & pedal) (67.27 %). Conclusion: Due to lack of awareness of tenofovir (TDF) induced nephropathy and improper renal function monitoring on tenofovir based regimen in Indian population due to which tenofovir induced irreversible damage was the most common etiology found in our study.

Keywords: CKD, Chronic Kidney Disease, HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, TDF, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

Edition: Volume 12 Issue 2, February 2023,

Pages: 263 - 267

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