Research Paper | Toxicology Science | Kenya | Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Synergistic Combinations of Flower and Leaf Extract Activities of C. cinerariifolium , E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum Outweigh the Activities of Antagonistic Combinations
Glenn O. Araka
Crude leaf extracts of C. cinerariifolium (Cc), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Ec) and Nicotiana tabaccum (Nt) were individually and in combination tested for their synergistic and antagonistic activities against third instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles. Six different solvents were used for the extraction of oils from the flowers and leaves of the three plants namely ethanol, methanol, Dicholoromethane (DCM), hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous. The larval mortality of the third instar larvae of An. gambiae s.s. Giles was observed on 24 hours exposure separately in control using 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm of crude flower and leaf extract concentrations. For the individual tests, all extracts of the plants showed good larvicidal activity. Thirty treatments were carried out to determine synergism and antagonism on extract combination ratio of 1: 1 (v/v) (i.e 100 ppm: 100 ppm) and it was observed that 16 extract combinations exhibited synergistic activities (SF>1) and 10 activities indicated antagonistic activities (SF1
Keywords: Crude extracts, synergistic antagonistic, solvents, mortality, individual activities, combination activities, Cc cinerariifolium, E camal, dulensis, N tabaccum, 3rd instar larvae, standard stock solution, concentrations
Edition: Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 393 - 400
How to Cite this Article?
Glenn O. Araka, "Synergistic Combinations of Flower and Leaf Extract Activities of C. cinerariifolium , E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum Outweigh the Activities of Antagonistic Combinations", International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), https://www.ijsr.net/search_index_results_paperid.php?id=2051903, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019, 393 - 400
166 PDF Views | 120 PDF Downloads
Similar Articles with Keyword 'Crude extracts'
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 5 Issue 4, April 2016
Pages: 789 - 792Larvicidal and Antagonistic Activities of Crude Leaf Extracts of Pyrethrum (Chrisanthemam: Compositae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Sm. Myrtaceae, and Nicotiana tabaccum (Tobacco L.) (Solanaceae) Against Third Instar Larvae of the Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae
Glenn O. Araka Msc, Lead Researcher, John Ochora PhD, Johnstone Wakhisi PhD, Dr. Festus Tolo PhD, B.O. Khwa-Otsyula
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 5 Issue 3, March 2016
Pages: 370 - 375Larvicidal Efficacy of Crude Essential Oil (Leaf Extracts) of Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum: Compositae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Sm (Myrtaceae) and Nicotiana tabaccum (Tobacco L.) (Solanaceace) against Third Instar Larvae of the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae)
Glenn O. Araka, John Ochora, Johnstone Wakhisi
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 393 - 400Synergistic Combinations of Flower and Leaf Extract Activities of C. cinerariifolium , E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum Outweigh the Activities of Antagonistic Combinations
Glenn O. Araka
Similar Articles with Keyword 'synergistic antagonistic'
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 5 Issue 4, April 2016
Pages: 789 - 792Larvicidal and Antagonistic Activities of Crude Leaf Extracts of Pyrethrum (Chrisanthemam: Compositae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Sm. Myrtaceae, and Nicotiana tabaccum (Tobacco L.) (Solanaceae) Against Third Instar Larvae of the Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae
Glenn O. Araka Msc, Lead Researcher, John Ochora PhD, Johnstone Wakhisi PhD, Dr. Festus Tolo PhD, B.O. Khwa-Otsyula
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 393 - 400Synergistic Combinations of Flower and Leaf Extract Activities of C. cinerariifolium , E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum Outweigh the Activities of Antagonistic Combinations
Glenn O. Araka
Similar Articles with Keyword 'solvents'
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, India, Volume 4 Issue 6, June 2015
Pages: 1731 - 1735Method Development and Validation of Atenolol Drug by Spectrophotometric and HPLC Technique in Forensic Application
Shivpoojan Kori, Jony Goyal, Shweta Sharma, Narendra Kumar Pahade, Mahendra Tandekar
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 5 Issue 4, April 2016
Pages: 789 - 792Larvicidal and Antagonistic Activities of Crude Leaf Extracts of Pyrethrum (Chrisanthemam: Compositae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Sm. Myrtaceae, and Nicotiana tabaccum (Tobacco L.) (Solanaceae) Against Third Instar Larvae of the Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae
Glenn O. Araka Msc, Lead Researcher, John Ochora PhD, Johnstone Wakhisi PhD, Dr. Festus Tolo PhD, B.O. Khwa-Otsyula
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 5 Issue 3, March 2016
Pages: 370 - 375Larvicidal Efficacy of Crude Essential Oil (Leaf Extracts) of Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum: Compositae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Sm (Myrtaceae) and Nicotiana tabaccum (Tobacco L.) (Solanaceace) against Third Instar Larvae of the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae)
Glenn O. Araka, John Ochora, Johnstone Wakhisi
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 393 - 400Synergistic Combinations of Flower and Leaf Extract Activities of C. cinerariifolium , E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum Outweigh the Activities of Antagonistic Combinations
Glenn O. Araka
Similar Articles with Keyword 'mortality'
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, India, Volume 6 Issue 8, August 2017
Pages: 1598 - 1601Assessment of Toxic Effects of the Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol-A on Zebra Fish (Danio Rerio) - A Vertebrate System
Mathews P Raj, Jayarama Reddy, Anitha Abraham, Prashanth V
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Sudan, Volume 3 Issue 12, December 2014
Pages: 2084 - 2087Effect of Argel Leaf Aqueous Extract (Solenostemma argel) on Enzyme Activity in Gills and Muscles of Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Alim D. I., Matter H. M.
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, India, Volume 4 Issue 6, June 2015
Pages: 1075 - 1078Clinical Profile and Complications of Snake Bite Envenomation: Study from Tertiary Care Center Bikaner
Dr. Veer Bahadhur Singh, Subhash Gaur, Deepak Kumar, Babulal Meena
Case Studies, Toxicology Science, India, Volume 6 Issue 8, August 2017
Pages: 1988 - 1989Utilization of Point of Care (POC) Test: Blood Gas in Diagnosing Aspirin Overdose: A Case Report
Dr Nagaraja Durgavara Mallikarjuna, Dr Frederico Sebastiao De Santana Miranda
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, India, Volume 8 Issue 6, June 2019
Pages: 2062 - 2067Pattern, Severity and Outcome of Poisoning in Tertiary Care Hospital
Satish Kumar B.P, Ancily Jacob, Feba Peter, Ashily Raju
Similar Articles with Keyword 'individual activities'
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 5 Issue 4, April 2016
Pages: 789 - 792Larvicidal and Antagonistic Activities of Crude Leaf Extracts of Pyrethrum (Chrisanthemam: Compositae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Sm. Myrtaceae, and Nicotiana tabaccum (Tobacco L.) (Solanaceae) Against Third Instar Larvae of the Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae
Glenn O. Araka Msc, Lead Researcher, John Ochora PhD, Johnstone Wakhisi PhD, Dr. Festus Tolo PhD, B.O. Khwa-Otsyula
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 393 - 400Synergistic Combinations of Flower and Leaf Extract Activities of C. cinerariifolium , E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum Outweigh the Activities of Antagonistic Combinations
Glenn O. Araka
Similar Articles with Keyword 'combination activities'
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 5 Issue 4, April 2016
Pages: 789 - 792Larvicidal and Antagonistic Activities of Crude Leaf Extracts of Pyrethrum (Chrisanthemam: Compositae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Sm. Myrtaceae, and Nicotiana tabaccum (Tobacco L.) (Solanaceae) Against Third Instar Larvae of the Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae
Glenn O. Araka Msc, Lead Researcher, John Ochora PhD, Johnstone Wakhisi PhD, Dr. Festus Tolo PhD, B.O. Khwa-Otsyula
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 393 - 400Synergistic Combinations of Flower and Leaf Extract Activities of C. cinerariifolium , E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum Outweigh the Activities of Antagonistic Combinations
Glenn O. Araka
Similar Articles with Keyword 'E camal'
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 5 Issue 4, April 2016
Pages: 48 - 56Larvicidal and Synergistic Activities of Crude Leaf Extracts of Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Sm. (Myrtaceae) and Nicotiana tabaccum (Tobacco) against the Larvae of the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae)
Glenn O. Araka, Prof. John Ochora, Prof. Johnstone Wakhisi, Dr. Festus Tolo, Prof. B.O. Khwa-Otsyula
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 393 - 400Synergistic Combinations of Flower and Leaf Extract Activities of C. cinerariifolium , E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum Outweigh the Activities of Antagonistic Combinations
Glenn O. Araka
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 381 - 388The field Strain of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles Larvae Resistance Ratio (RR) is Twice That of Susceptible (Laboratory Reared) Strain when Tested with Plant Crude Flower and Leaf Extracts
Glenn O. Araka
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 434 - 439Biodegradation of Applied Plant Extracts of C. cinerariifolium, E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum in the Habitats of Third Instar Larvae of the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae is a Function of Time
Glenn O. Araka
Similar Articles with Keyword 'dulensis'
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 5 Issue 4, April 2016
Pages: 789 - 792Larvicidal and Antagonistic Activities of Crude Leaf Extracts of Pyrethrum (Chrisanthemam: Compositae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Sm. Myrtaceae, and Nicotiana tabaccum (Tobacco L.) (Solanaceae) Against Third Instar Larvae of the Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae
Glenn O. Araka Msc, Lead Researcher, John Ochora PhD, Johnstone Wakhisi PhD, Dr. Festus Tolo PhD, B.O. Khwa-Otsyula
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 5 Issue 4, April 2016
Pages: 48 - 56Larvicidal and Synergistic Activities of Crude Leaf Extracts of Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Sm. (Myrtaceae) and Nicotiana tabaccum (Tobacco) against the Larvae of the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae)
Glenn O. Araka, Prof. John Ochora, Prof. Johnstone Wakhisi, Dr. Festus Tolo, Prof. B.O. Khwa-Otsyula
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 5 Issue 3, March 2016
Pages: 370 - 375Larvicidal Efficacy of Crude Essential Oil (Leaf Extracts) of Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum: Compositae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Sm (Myrtaceae) and Nicotiana tabaccum (Tobacco L.) (Solanaceace) against Third Instar Larvae of the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae)
Glenn O. Araka, John Ochora, Johnstone Wakhisi
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 393 - 400Synergistic Combinations of Flower and Leaf Extract Activities of C. cinerariifolium , E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum Outweigh the Activities of Antagonistic Combinations
Glenn O. Araka
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 381 - 388The field Strain of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles Larvae Resistance Ratio (RR) is Twice That of Susceptible (Laboratory Reared) Strain when Tested with Plant Crude Flower and Leaf Extracts
Glenn O. Araka
Similar Articles with Keyword 'N tabaccum'
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 393 - 400Synergistic Combinations of Flower and Leaf Extract Activities of C. cinerariifolium , E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum Outweigh the Activities of Antagonistic Combinations
Glenn O. Araka
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 381 - 388The field Strain of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles Larvae Resistance Ratio (RR) is Twice That of Susceptible (Laboratory Reared) Strain when Tested with Plant Crude Flower and Leaf Extracts
Glenn O. Araka
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 434 - 439Biodegradation of Applied Plant Extracts of C. cinerariifolium, E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum in the Habitats of Third Instar Larvae of the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae is a Function of Time
Glenn O. Araka
Similar Articles with Keyword '3rd instar larvae'
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 393 - 400Synergistic Combinations of Flower and Leaf Extract Activities of C. cinerariifolium , E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum Outweigh the Activities of Antagonistic Combinations
Glenn O. Araka
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 381 - 388The field Strain of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles Larvae Resistance Ratio (RR) is Twice That of Susceptible (Laboratory Reared) Strain when Tested with Plant Crude Flower and Leaf Extracts
Glenn O. Araka
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Kenya, Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
Pages: 434 - 439Biodegradation of Applied Plant Extracts of C. cinerariifolium, E. camaldulensis and N. tabaccum in the Habitats of Third Instar Larvae of the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae is a Function of Time
Glenn O. Araka
Similar Articles with Keyword 'concentrations'
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, India, Volume 6 Issue 8, August 2017
Pages: 1598 - 1601Assessment of Toxic Effects of the Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol-A on Zebra Fish (Danio Rerio) - A Vertebrate System
Mathews P Raj, Jayarama Reddy, Anitha Abraham, Prashanth V
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, India, Volume 6 Issue 8, August 2017
Pages: 1047 - 1055Arsenic Compound Induced Alteration in Protein Metabolism and Chelating Effect of Zeolite in Heteropneustes fossilis
Jayasree Balasubramanian, Anil Kumar
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Ivory Coast, Volume 8 Issue 2, February 2019
Pages: 1065 - 1070Determination of the Level of Ochratoxin A and The Merchantability Criteria of Ivoirian Green Coffee Intended for Exportation
Adama Coulibaly; Mamadou Dosso; Komissiri Dagnogo; Ysidor N'guessan Konan; Ardjouma Dembele; Henri Marius Godi Biego
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, India, Volume 3 Issue 5, May 2014
Pages: 1716 - 1720Acute Toxicity; Behavioural and Morphological alterations in Indian Carp; Labeo rohita H.; on exposure to Municipal Wastewater of Tung Dhab Drain; Punjab; India
Rajbir Kaur, Anish Dua
Research Paper, Toxicology Science, Algeria, Volume 3 Issue 4, April 2014
Pages: 877 - 881Effects of an Iron Supplementation Combined to either a Zinc Deficiency or a Zinc Supplementation in Pregnant Rat
Youcef Zouaghi, Soraya Tebibel, Henri Faure, Cherifa Benlatreche, Brahim Lachili, Alain Favier